Your Brain's 'Love Chemicals' may also make you Autistic

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[Michael]

http://www.wrongplanet.net/article352.html

Most people with Asperger's Syndrome have some intense interest that they pursue with a passion (I'm one of those) and it's pretty clear that OCD tendencies go hand in hand with Asperger's Syndrome. Serotonin is the chemical that plays a role in causing aspies to pursue their special interests and similarly causes people with OCD to be obsessive or anxious. Certain levels of serotonin are also linked with the autistic tendency of "stimming."

While reading some interesting literature, I stumbled upon research that showed similarities between serotonin's role in OCD and the role serotonin plays in neurochemical bonding, more commonly known as "love." The idea of chemicals causing love, and the fact that at least one of these "love chemicals" is directly responsible for giving us our aspie traits, fascinates me.

Serotonin is actually the chemical that interacts with the brain during the initial "attraction" phase of a relationship, along with dopamine and norepinephrine (it's no coincidence that the anti-depressants prescribed for OCD, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, can cause a decrease in a person's ability to fall in love). Interestingly, lower-than-normal levels of serotonin are common among "newfound lovers" and are also common in, you guesssed it, people with OCD.

Consequently, you could say that the newly-lovestruck couple going to prom together for the first time have actually fallen into OCD with each other; although you'd probably receive strange looks from anyone who hears you utter such a bizzare bastardization of a ubiquitously understood phrase. Wow, the term "love-sickness" is starting to make a whole lot of sense now, isn't it?

Unlike Serotonin (which plays an important role in the early stage of a relationship), a chemical known as Oxytocin is linked to the long term bonding phase of a more mature romantic relationship. I bet you can guess what chemical is released into the brains of two lovers after they experience an orgasm (hint: it starts with a big O).

Oxytocin may not be directly linked to OCD, however. But Oxytocin and Sertonin, along with other neuro chemicals (such as Testosterone, Estrogen, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Vasopressin) interact to create the whole spectrum of "romantic love" that two humans experience together. An even larger variety of neurochemicals constantly work in parallel to create the full human emotional experience, which manifests itself mentally as well as physically (it's not just a coincidence that your palms start to sweat and your heart begins to beat a little faster when you run into that special someone).

Interestingly enough, due to the bizarre ways these neuro chemicals interact with your brain, certain levels of Oxytocin may play a role in OCD and Asperger's after all! Why else would the Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology publish a study2 in 2003 entitled Oxytocin Infusion Reduces Repetitive Behaviors in Adults with Autistic and Asperger's Disorders? This study argues that "repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders may be related to abnormalities in the oxytocin system, and may be partially ameliorated by synthetic oxytocin infusion." Say what?

Wait. Does this mean that having a lot of sex will decrease the amount of time you spend stimming and also cause you to spend less time focused on your special interests? I have no idea; I'm not a clinical neuropsychopharmacologist.

References

• [1] "On Love," National Geographic, February 2006
• [2] Neuropsychopharmacology (2003) 28, 193-198.
• [3] Wikipedia contributors, "Love (scientific views)," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Love_%28scientific_views%29&oldid=113411348 (accessed March 11, 2007).

[Jana]

Sex pheromones make mice brains grow

A DOMINANT male mouse won't just turn a female on. He'll make her brain grow. Just a whiff of his odour is enough to make the female's brain sprout new neurons, and this growth drives her to want to mate with him.

Samuel Weiss at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada, and his colleagues exposed 8 to 10-week-old female mice to soiled bedding from males of the same age. Two weeks later they found that the brains of females exposed to dominant male pheromones had grown significantly more new neurons in two key regions of the brain than those exposed to subordinate pheromones and control odours. What's more, these females would then pick the dominant male over the subordinate. Females that had not grown new brain cells did not.

The researchers think the new neurons encode trace memories of dominant males (Nature Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1038/nn1928). Both the olfactory bulb, which processes smell, and the hippocampus, which is involved in memory, have been hailed as main sites for neurogenesis across many species. "But nobody's ever linked the two," says Weiss.
From issue 2611 of New Scientist magazine, 07 July 2007, page 18